Aritmie, tosse, cadute: un cerotto intelligente lancia l’alert sulla salute

Le nuove sentinelle della salute? Saranno di pochi centimetri, e hi-tech. Cerotti ‘intelligenti’ dotati di sensori indossabili, flessibili e in grado di rilevare sintomi e alert di salute che vanno dalle aritmie cardiache alla tosse, e persino eventuali cadute. Questi dispositivi possono monitorare lo stato dell’organismo h24, fanno parte della macrofamiglia battezzata ‘Iot’, Internet delle cose, e sembrano promettenti. Ma generano grandi quantità di dati, che devono essere elaborati per essere compresi. Il cerotto ‘smart’ realizzato da un team di ricerca giapponese supera anche il problema dei big data. Il campo dell’informatica che si occupa dell’elaborazione di questi dati sul sensore o su un dispositivo a cui il sensore è collegato, anziché su un server remoto sul cloud, è chiamato ‘edge computing’ ed è un elemento chiave nella tecnologia dei sensori indossabili. Gli esperti hanno sviluppato un software che fa proprio questo: permette di utilizzare uno smartphone come dispositivo di edge computing.

Come funziona il cerotto hi-tech?

I risultati del loro lavoro sono illustrati sulla rivista ‘Device’. Il cerotto con sensore intelligente viene abbinato a un telefono per rilevare cambiamenti in vari parametri, nonché aritmie, tosse e cadute. “Il nostro obiettivo in questo studio – spiega Kuniharu Takei dell’Università di Hokkaido, che ha guidato il team di ricerca con Kohei Nakajima dell’Università di Tokyo – era progettare un cerotto sensore multimodale in grado di elaborare e interpretare i dati utilizzando l’edge computing e rilevare le fasi iniziali di malattia durante la vita quotidiana”.

L’équipe ha realizzato sensori che monitorano l’attività cardiaca tramite elettrocardiogramma (Ecg), la respirazione, la temperatura cutanea e l’umidità causata dalla sudorazione. Dopo aver confermato la loro idoneità per un uso a lungo termine, i sensori sono stati integrati su una pellicola flessibile (cerotto sensore) che aderisce alla pelle umana. Il cerotto sensore includeva anche un modulo Bluetooth per connettersi a uno smartphone. I ricercatori hanno prima testato la capacità del cerotto sensore di intercettare i cambiamenti fisiologici in 3 volontari, che lo indossavano sul petto. “Sebbene il nostro gruppo di prova fosse piccolo, abbiamo potuto osservare i loro segni vitali cambiare durante il monitoraggio delle serie temporali ad alta temperatura. Questa osservazione potrebbe eventualmente portare all’identificazione dei sintomi di stress da calore in fase iniziale”, prospetta Takei.

Il gruppo di ricerca ha poi sviluppato un programma di apprendimento automatico per elaborare i dati registrati e rilevare altri sintomi come aritmie cardiache, tosse e cadute. “Oltre a eseguire l’analisi su un computer”, descrive Nakajima, “abbiamo anche progettato un’applicazione di edge computing per smartphone in grado di eseguire la stessa analisi. Abbiamo raggiunto un’accuratezza di previsione superiore all’80%”.

“Il progresso significativo di questo studio è l’integrazione di sensori flessibili multimodali, l’analisi dei dati di apprendimento automatico in tempo reale e il monitoraggio vitale in remoto tramite smartphone”, conclude Takei. “Uno svantaggio del nostro sistema è che il ‘training'” del sistema hi-tech “non poteva essere eseguito sullo smartphone e doveva essere fatto sul computer. Tuttavia, questo può essere risolto semplificando l’elaborazione dei dati”. Lo studio in definitiva permette un passo avanti sul percorso dei ‘patch’, cerotti intelligenti per la telemedicina o la telediagnosi.

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