Beata Vergine del Rosario: storia e curiosità del più importante culto mariano

Il 7 Ottobre di ogni anno si festeggia la Madonna del Rosario, tra le più importanti ricorrenze della tradizione religiosa cattolica.
L’origine del culto della Madonna del Rosario è stata attribuita all’apparizione di Maria a San Domenico di Guzman nel 1208 a Prouille, nel primo convento da lui fondato. La Beata Vergine del Rosario è rappresentata con una veste azzurra e una corona del Rosario tra le mani, rappresentazione al periodo successivo alla Controriforma, la cui iconografia è ripresa a sua volta da quella, ancora più antica, della Madonna della cintola.

La Chiesa cattolica celebra la Madonna del Rosario il 7 ottobre di ogni anno. Questa festa fu istituita con il nome di Madonna della Vittoria dal papa Pio V a perenne ricordo della battaglia di Lepanto, svoltasi appunto il 7 ottobre del 1571, nella quale la flotta della Lega Santa (formata da Spagna, Repubblica di Venezia e Stato della Chiesa) sconfisse quella dell’Impero ottomano. Il successore, papa Gregorio XIII, la trasformò in festa della “Madonna del Rosario”: i cristiani attribuirono il merito della vittoria alla protezione di Maria, che avevano invocato recitando il Rosario prima della battaglia.

Il Santuario principale della Beata Vergine del Rosario è la Basilica situata a Pompei, visitata da un grandissimo numero di pellegrini, più di 4 milioni l’anno secondo le stime, provenienti da ogni parte del mondo, per rivolgere a Maria le proprie preghiere e ricevere una grazia, un miglioramento delle condizioni di vita. Della Vergine del Rosario è celebre la Supplica, scritta dal Beato Bartolo Longo come “Atto d’amore alla Vergine”, che si recita in due occasioni: l’8 Maggio, che è l’anniversario della posa della prima pietra del Santuario di Pompei (era l’anno 1876), e la prima domenica di Ottobre, il mese dedicato al Rosario, in cui il 7 Ottobre ricorre la festa della Madonna del Rosario.
Annamaria Persico (articolo già pubblicato il 7 ottobre 2019)

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