Clima, aria mai calda come a luglio 2023: temperatura media globale salita di 0,72 gradi

A luglio 2023 la temperatura media globale dell’aria è stata la più alta mai registrata in qualsiasi mese. È quanto emerge dal bollettino mensile del Servizio Copernicus sui cambiamenti climatici (C3S), realizzato dall’European centre for medium-range weather forecasts per conto della Commissione europea. La temperatura di luglio, spiegano da Copernicus, è stata di 0,72 gradi più alta della media di luglio tra il 1991 e il 2020, e di 0,33 gradi più calda del mese più caldo precedente, ossia luglio 2019. Il mese di luglio è risultato essere 1,5 gradi più caldo della media tra il 1850 e il 1900.

Le ondate di calore hanno riguardato diverse regioni dell’emisfero settentrionale, compresa l’Europa meridionale. Temperature ben al di sopra della media si sono registrate in diversi Paesi del Sudamerica e in gran parte dell’Antartide.

Nuovo record a luglio anche per la temperatura superficiale marina globale, che ha continuato a salire, in linea con un lungo periodo di temperature elevate da aprile 2023. Per quanto riguarda il mese di luglio nel suo complesso, spiega Copernicus, la temperatura superficiale marina media a livello globale è stata di 0,51 gradi superiore alla media tra il 1991 e il 2020. Il Nord Atlantico ha registrato una temperatura superiore alla media di 1,05 gradi. Ondate di calore marine si sono manifestate a sud della Groenlandia e nel mare del Labrador, nel bacino caraibico e in tutto il mar Mediterraneo. Nel Pacifico orientale equatoriale hanno continuato a svilupparsi le condizioni del Niño.

Record negativi a luglio anche per quanto riguarda l’estensione del ghiaccio marino. Nell’Antartide, si è registrato un valore mensile del 15% inferiore alla media, di gran lunga il valore di luglio più basso da quando sono cominciate le osservazioni satellitari. Le concentrazioni di ghiaccio marino sono state al di sotto della media soprattutto nel mare di Weddell settentrionale, nel Bellingshausen orientale e nel mare di Ross settentrionale, mentre concentrazioni superiori alla media sono rimaste in un ampio settore del mare di Amundsen. Nell’Artide l’estensione del ghiaccio marino è stata leggermente al di sotto della media, ma ben al di sopra del record minimo di luglio 2020.

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