Consiglio d’Europa, quali sono le sue funzioni e perché non fa parte dell’Ue

Il report contro il razzismo e l’intolleranza stilato dal Consiglio d’Europa ha scatenato l’ira del governo e determinato l’intervento del presidente della Repubblica Sergio Mattarella. Report in cui l’Italia è accusata di fare “racial profiling” durante fermi e controlli delle forze dell’ordine e di avere un dibattito pubblico “sempre più xenofobo”. Ma cos’è il Consiglio d’Europa e perché non ha niente a che fare con l’Unione Europea?

Cos’è e cosa fa il Consiglio d’Europa

Il Consiglio d’Europa (la sua sigla è CoE) è la principale organizzazione di difesa dei diritti umani del continente. Tutti gli Stati membri del Consiglio d’Europa sono segnatari della Convenzione europea dei diritti dell’uomo, un trattato concepito per proteggere i diritti umani, la democrazia e lo stato di diritto.

L’organizzazione promuove la libertà di espressione e dei media, la libertà di riunione, l’uguaglianza, la protezione delle minoranze e i diritti umani attraverso le convenzioni internazionali, come la Convenzione sulla prevenzione e la lotta contro la violenza nei confronti delle donne e la violenza domestica e la Convenzione sulla criminalità informatica.

Il Consiglio d’Europa inoltre aiuta gli Stati membri a combattere la corruzione e il terrorismo e a intraprendere le riforme giudiziarie necessarie. Il suo gruppo di esperti di diritto costituzionale, conosciuto come la Commissione di Venezia, offre consulenza legale ai paesi di tutto il mondo.

La sede

La sede è a Strasburgo, in Francia, dove lavorano 2.200 persone. Il Consiglio d’Europa comprende uffici esterni e di collegamento con altre organizzazioni internazionali. L’edificio principale del Consiglio d’Europa è il Palais de l’Europe, progettato dall’architetto francese Henry Bernard e inaugurato nel 1977. L’entrata è costeggiata dalle bandiere degli Stati membri.

Perché non ha niente a che vedere con l’Ue

Il Consiglio d’Europa non è un organo dell’Unione europea. Non va confuso, per esempio, con il Consiglio europeo che è Istituzione dell’Ue, composta dai capi di Stato e di governo degli Stati membri e dal Presidente della Commissione europea, volta alla pianificazione delle politiche comunitarie.

Dall’abolizione della pena di morte all’uguaglianza di genere, dalla libertà di espressione alla lotta contro discriminazione e razzismo il Consiglio d’Europa lancia campagne di sensibilizzazione, stabilisce norme e ne monitora la conformità su temi che riguardano la democrazia, i diritti umani e lo Stato di diritto in Europa.

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