Covid, problemi di memoria e ‘meno intelligenti’ dopo infezione: lo studio

Depressione, ansia, stanchezza, ma anche problemi di memoria e un Qi più basso: questa la pesante eredità che Covid-19 può lasciare, anche 2-3 anni dopo il contagio e il ricovero in ospedale, secondo un nuovo studio pubblicato su ‘Lancet Psychiatry’. Condotto da un gruppo di ricercatori in tutto il Regno Unito, guidati dalle Università di Oxford e di Leicester, il lavoro evidenzia la natura persistente e significativa di disturbi cognitivi e psichiatrici, nonché l’emergere di nuovi sintomi anni dopo l’infezione.

La ricerca

La ricerca è stata condotta su 475 partecipanti, che erano stati ricoverati durante la prima ondata di pandemia, a cui è stato chiesto di completare una serie di test cognitivi tramite il proprio computer e di segnalare la presenza di depressione, ansia, stanchezza e la percezione soggettiva dei problemi di memoria. Inoltre, è stato chiesto loro se avessero cambiato professione e perché.

Sintomi

Dai risultati è emerso che due o tre anni dopo essere stati infettati dal Covid-19, i partecipanti hanno ottenuto in media punteggi significativamente più bassi nei test di attenzione e memoria: in pratica sono stati persi, in media, 10 punti di quoziente intellettivo. Inoltre, una percentuale sostanziale ha riportato sintomi gravi di depressione (circa 1 persona su 5), ansia (1 su 8), affaticamento (1 su 4) e problemi di memoria (1 su 4), che col tempo peggioravano. Sebbene in molti questi sintomi fossero già presenti 6 mesi dopo l’infezione, alcuni hanno anche manifestato 2 o 3 anni dopo l’infezione problemi che non avevano sperimentato prima. Ciò suggerisce che i primi sintomi – evidenziano gli scienziati – possono essere predittivi di disturbi successivi e più gravi, sottolineando l’importanza di una gestione tempestiva. Non solo. Più di un partecipante su quattro ha riferito di aver cambiato professione e molti hanno addotto come motivo proprio i deficit cognitivi più che la depressione o l’ansia sperimentati dopo la malattia.

“Questi risultati ci aiutano a comprendere il peso dei sintomi cerebrali che sperimentano le persone anni dopo il ricovero per Covid-19, che sono più a rischio di conseguenze a lungo termine, e il loro impatto sulla loro capacità di lavorare – spiega Maxime Taquet, docente al Dipartimento di Psichiatria di Oxford, che ha condotto lo studio – Ciò è importante per i politici e i medici e aiuta a indirizzare gli interventi preventivi”.

“Comprendere le conseguenze cognitive e psichiatriche a lungo termine del ricovero in ospedale per Covid-19 è importante per molte persone, sia pazienti che operatori sanitari – commenta Paul Harrison, professore di psichiatria all’Università di Oxford – Ci auguriamo che questi risultati stimoleranno ulteriori ricerche sullo sviluppo di interventi efficaci per aiutare a prevenire e curare queste conseguenze cerebrali del Covid-19″.

Il grado di recupero a sei mesi dall’infezione è un forte predittore degli esiti psichiatrici e cognitivi a lungo termine: intervenire precocemente per gestire i sintomi potrebbe prevenire lo sviluppo di sindromi più complesse e migliorare il recupero complessivo, raccomandano i ricercatori.

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