Dagli scarti caseari arriva il packaging 100% biodegradabile e compostabile

No allo spreco di cibo, materiali ed energia. Si ispira a questo obiettivo il progetto BIOCOSÌ che punta a utilizzare le acque reflue della filiera casearia per produrre bioplastica per imballaggi e packaging per la conservazione degli alimenti, come vaschette per i formaggi o bottiglie per il latte, 100% biodegradabili e compostabili.

Sviluppato dall’ENEA in collaborazione con la start-up pugliese EggPlant, il progetto BIOCOSÌ (tecnologie e processi innovativi per la produzione di imballaggi 100% BIOdegradabili e COmpostabili per un’industria Sostenibile, economica/circolare ed Intelligente) trasformerà in 18 mesi i rifiuti caseari in risorse, ridisegnando il packaging in chiave sostenibile e introducendo materiali biodegradabili nelle linee produttive.

Il progetto presenta una doppia valenza innovativa: da un lato, il processo di separazione a membrana sviluppato dall’ENEA nel Centro Ricerche di Brindisi per il frazionamento del siero di latte che consente sia il recupero differenziato di tutte le componenti – quali sieroproteine/peptidi, lattosio e sali minerali – che di acqua ultrapura; dall’altro, la collaborazione EggPlant-ENEA per la produzione di bioplastica biodegradabile e bioderivata dal lattosio estratto dai reflui, che consente la totale valorizzazione dei rifiuti orientata all’innovazione della filiera agro-alimentare, con benefici anche in termini di riduzione degli inquinanti dell’industria casearia e di impatto della plastica nell’ambiente.

Secondo studi ENEA presentati lo scorso dicembre, l’83% dei rifiuti in plastica censiti nei mari italiani è costituito da packaging, per lo più di plastica usa e getta.

Oltre al ruolo di responsabile del processo di estrazione del lattosio e dei peptidi bioattivi da impiegare come integratori nei nuovi prodotti e al supporto tecnico scientifico per la messa a punto della produzione di bioplastica (PHA – poliidrossialcanoati) per via fermentativa, all’ENEA spetta anche la responsabilità della successiva caratterizzazione del biopolimero.

«Questa innovazione ispirata ai principi dell’economia circolare con l’obiettivo zero rifiuti a fine processo», sottolinea Valerio Miceli della Divisione Biotecnologie e agroindustria dell’ENEA «risponde non solo ad esigenze di natura etica e ambientale ma anche economiche, legate ai costi elevati dello smaltimento dei reflui caseari, consentendo oltretutto di tagliare di circa il 23% il costo unitario di produzione del biopolimero».
(Fonte: ENEA)

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