Democrazia on line: la tecnologia influenza il dibattito. Una ricerca dell’Istc-Cnr di Roma

La scoperta arriva da un team internazionale diretto da Raffaele Calabretta dell’Istituto di scienze e tecnologie della cognizione del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (Istc-Cnr) di Roma. Lo studio è stato pubblicato online sulla rivista New Media & Society (seconda per impact factor nella categoria Communication).

«Abbiamo scoperto che la qualità della partecipazione e dei contributi forniti dai partecipanti a iniziative di democrazia partecipata è influenzata in modo significativo dal tipo di tecnologia online che viene impiegata per supportare il dibattito», spiega Luca Iandoli, primo autore dello studio e professore associato all’Università Federico II di Napoli.

«In uno studio empirico condotto in collaborazione con un grande partito politico italiano, in cui i partecipanti hanno discusso online in merito a possibili riforme della legge elettorale, abbiamo verificato empiricamente che l’utilizzo di un nuovo tipo di piattaforma migliora decisamente la qualità e l’output della discussione rispetto ai tradizionali forum».

Il Deliberatorium – questo il nome della piattaforma ideata da Mark Klein del Center for Collective Intelligence del MIT di Boston – favorirebbe la qualità della riflessione di gruppo su questioni complesse come invece i sistemi attuali non consentono.

«I forum di discussione online e i wiki (i siti web basati sulla collaborazione degli utenti per l’inserimento dei contenuti), infatti, se da un lato sono in grado di facilitare la condivisione della conoscenza e ampliare il pubblico dibattito, dall’altro, specie nei casi di temi controversi che determinano divergenze di opinione, palesano evidenti limiti», spiega Calabretta.

«I limiti sono la mole di informazioni a volte non logicamente inerenti, che genera una dispersione delle stesse; la possibilità di modificare le informazioni contenute da parte di utenti con punti di vista diversi, il cosiddetto edit war». Il Deliberatorium è strutturato invece con una «mappa argomentativa» costruita secondo una precisa logica.

«L’inserimento di un contributo avviene esclusivamente in una delle categorie predeterminate, evitando il disorientamento dovuto all’accumularsi delle discussioni precedenti. La visualizzazione intuitiva agli occhi dell’utente semplifica l’orientamento della lettura e della comprensione. Questa nuova tecnologia, su argomenti complessi, garantisce un andamento logico della discussione e un dibattito esaustivo, come dimostrano i risultati ottenuti», conclude Iandoli.

«I partecipanti che l’hanno utilizzata hanno prodotto più argomentazioni a sostegno delle varie proposte, pubblicato contenuti meno ridondanti e prestato maggior attenzione ai contributi forniti da altri utenti, favorendo una valutazione più articolata e critica delle varie proposte».

I risultati della ricerca rientrano nel progetto Doparie, nato nel 2005 e condotto da Raffaele Calabretta presso l’Istc-Cnr di Roma, che intende definire una forma di consultazioni allargate, simili alle primarie ma richiedibili dopo le elezioni, con cui aprire temi di discussione sulle principali questioni inserite nell’agenda politica.

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