Dove nuotano le tartarughe? Soprattutto nel golfo di Napoli secondo una ricerca dell’Università di Pisa

Per otto anni, dal 2008 al 2016, un’équipe di etologi dell’Università di Pisa ha monitorato gli spostamenti nel Mediterraneo di otto tartarughe comuni (Caretta caretta) per capire preferenze e abitudini di questa specie.

E così ha scoperto che Crudelia, Obelix, Olivia e Honolulu (questi i nomi di alcuni esemplari) amano nuotare soprattutto nel golfo di Napoli, ma spaziano anche nell’area compresa tra la Campania, la Calabria e la Sicilia e se possono soggiornano volentieri nelle immediate vicinanze delle seamounts, cioè le montagne sottomarine la cui sommità può arrivare a poche centinaia o decine di metri dalla superficie.

La ricerca, finanziata dall’Università di Pisa con i fondi Pra (Piano di rafforzamento amministrativo), dalla Regione Toscana e dalla Stazione zoologica Anton Dohrn di Napoli e condotta in collaborazione con il Centro per la conservazione delle tartarughe marine di Grosseto, è stata appena pubblicata sulla rivista scientifica Marine Biology ed è uno dei pochi studi che fornisce informazioni dirette sull’ecologia e i movimenti delle tartarughe comuni nei mari a ovest della nostra penisola.

«L’identificazione di una zona marina utilizzata preferenzialmente dalle tartarughe comuni giovani, fornisce informazioni utili non solo per migliorare la conoscenza scientifica di fasi poco conosciute del ciclo di questa specie», spiega il professore Paolo Luschi dell’Ateneo pisano «ma anche per suggerire possibili misure di conservazione e tutela nella stessa area, ad esempio attraverso la diffusione di informazioni tra i pescatori sul tipo di reti e ami da impiegare per la pesca».

Per ricostruire i movimenti delle otto tartarughe i ricercatori hanno applicato delle piccole trasmittenti sul carapace di ogni esemplare e utilizzato tecniche di telemetria satellitare tramite Argos, un sistema franco-americano di rilevazione a distanza della posizione degli animali, che si avvale di satelliti posti in orbita polare.

Le tartarughe protagoniste della ricerca, tutte di taglia medio grande (con un carapace lungo più di 60 cm) e quindi in fase giovanile avanzata, erano state catturate accidentalmente, soprattutto da pescatori, e riabilitate in centri di recupero in Toscana e Campania.

Dopo il rilascio, avvenuto vicino alle rispettive località di cattura, hanno raggiunto con movimenti veloci e diretti l’area marina compresa tra la Sicilia, la Sardegna e la costa occidentale della penisola italiana, nella quale sono rimaste per l’intero periodo di osservazione.

«E’ di rilievo», conclude Luschi «il fatto che gli individui studiati, che erano rimasti in riabilitazione nei centri di recupero per vari mesi prima del rilascio, non abbiano mostrato alcuna evidente alterazione del loro comportamento a seguito del periodo di degenza».
(Fonte: www.unipi.it)

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