Ecco dove risiede la memoria episodica, passo avanti contro Alzheimer

Un altro passo avanti contro l’Alzheimer da una ricerca che indaga l’importante ruolo della corteccia entorinale laterale del cervello nella memoria episodica. “Abbiamo dimostrato”, attraverso un modello sperimentale, che “la formazione dei ricordi è associata all’aumento del numero di neuroni attivi” in quest’area. Inoltre, “abbiamo potuto verificare che gli stessi neuroni si riattivano durante il recupero del ricordo dell’esperienza specifica, mentre il loro silenziamento inibisce la capacità di richiamare il ricordo stesso”, spiegano Francesca Tozzi e Stefano Guglielmo del laboratorio di biologia Bio@sns della Scuola normale superiore di Pisa, evidenziando i risultati della ricerca coordinata dall’Istituto di neuroscienze del Cnr (Cnr-In) della città toscana e in collaborazione con la Vrije Universiteit di Amsterdam.

La ricerca

La ricerca è stata recentemente pubblicata sulla rivista ‘Cell Reports’, e indaga il ruolo della corteccia entorinale laterale nella memoria episodica, dimostrando che l’inibizione dei neuroni presenti in questa area del cervello ne compromette le prestazioni, mentre la loro stimolazione facilita significativamente il richiamo di questa tipologia di memoria, che consente di ricordare le esperienze vissute. Comprendere questi meccanismi neurobiologici potrà fornire – spiegano i ricercatori – nuove prospettive nella lotta contro le patologie che coinvolgono il deterioramento cognitivo, come l’Alzheimer.

La memoria episodica

La memoria episodica rappresenta una funzione fondamentale del cervello, dal momento che consente di creare e richiamare ricordi complessi che integrano informazioni su cosa è accaduto, quando e dove. “Questi risultati indicano che la corteccia entorinale laterale gioca un ruolo cruciale nel circuito cerebrale responsabile della memoria della nostra vita, della formazione e nel recupero dei ricordi, o engrammi, legati alle esperienze personali”, evidenzia Nicola Origlia del Cnr-In, coordinatore del gruppo di ricerca.

“Il deterioramento della memoria episodica è uno dei primi segnali di malattie neurodegenerative come l’Alzheimer ed è spesso accompagnato da alterazioni nella funzionalità di questa area cerebrale. Conoscere i processi neurobiologici che sono alla base della formazione e del recupero dei ricordi potrà fornire nuovi elementi utili per contrastare lo sviluppo di queste malattie, impattando positivamente sulla nostra salute”, conclude Origlia.

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