Giornata mondiale dell’acqua: soluzioni hi-tech e riciclo per tagliare fino al 60 per cento i consumi idrici non potabili

In occasione della Giornata mondiale dell’acqua, l’Enea presenta nuove tecnologie per il monitoraggio in tempo reale dei consumi idrici, software per la comunicazione gestore-utente dei consumi e per la valutazione della sostenibilità economico-ambientale, ma anche soluzioni per il dimensionamento di serbatoi per il riciclo delle acque piovane e grigie e di tetti verdi, con risparmi fino al 60 per cento sui consumi di acqua per usi non potabili.

Si tratta di risultati realizzati dal progetto per l’utilizzo sostenibile della risorsa idrica negli edifici e in ambito urbano Green Smart Technology for Water (GST4Water), presentati oggi a Ferrara nel corso dell’evento conclusivo.

Nell’ambito del progetto, al quale partecipano Enea e le Università di Ferrara e Bologna, sono state monitorate oltre 300 utenze, tra cui il Centro Enea del Brasimone (Bologna), e sono stati installati 12 kit innovativi, in grado di raccogliere le misurazioni dei contatori, salvarle su piattaforme cloud, renderle disponibili sia agli utenti finali che ai gestori del servizio idrico integrato e in caso di malfunzionamenti, perdite o anomalie, di lanciare anche un early warning per permettere di individuare e risolvere il problema.

È stata inoltre sviluppata un’interfaccia che permette a ogni utente di controllare da computer, tablet o smartphone il proprio consumo d’acqua complessivo e delle ultime 24 ore e rendersi conto di eventuali perdite attraverso una semplice icona. Inoltre, con questo sistema sarà possibile misurare direttamente il proprio consumo di acqua senza bisogno di personale in loco, e in base a indicatori di performance ambientali ed economiche, confrontarlo con quello della propria community di riferimento.

All’interno del progetto è stato anche sviluppato uno strumento software per il dimensionamento dei serbatoi di accumulo negli impianti per il recupero e il riuso delle acque piovane e grigie che, tenendo conto della pluviometria delle principali città dell’Emilia-Romagna e delle differenti superfici di raccolta (coperture impermeabili, verdi, in ghiaia, ecc.), è in grado di stimare i consumi di acqua non potabile approvvigionabili mediante acque grigie e acque piovane, permettendo una migliore progettazione dei sistemi di recupero che consentono risparmi fino al 60 per cento su questo tipo di consumi idrici.

Grazie al progetto GST4Water è stato messo a punto anche un sistema di monitoraggio di un tetto verde sperimentale, situato presso l’Università di Bologna, che ha consentito di analizzarne il comportamento idrologico e di riprodurlo attraverso un modello numerico. Tale modello è stato utilizzato all’interno del software di dimensionamento dei serbatoi per tenere conto della diversa natura delle superfici di captazione.

Il progetto GST4Water ha visto la partecipazione di oltre 20 tra docenti e ricercatori dei settori dell’ingegneria civile e idraulica e dell’ICT dell’Università di Ferrara (laboratori Terra&AcquaTech e MechLav), dell’Università di Bologna (CIRI-EA e CIRI-EC) e dell’ENEA (Laboratorio Energia Ambiente di Bologna).

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