Golden potato, la super-patata dall’altissimo contenuto di vitamine

Golden potato, questo il nome della patata con un contenuto di vitamine molto più elevato ottenuta grazie a un team internazionale che comprende Enea, Crea e Università dell’Ohio.

Pubblicata sulla rivista scientifica Plos One, la ricerca ha permesso di ottenere un tubero, denominato Golden potato per il colore giallo intenso dovuto all’elevata quantità di beta-carotene, che rispetto alle patate più diffuse in commercio ha un contenuto 10 volte più elevato di vitamina E di oltre 200 volte di pro-vitamina A.

Una porzione da 150 grammi fornisce, rispettivamente, il 34% e il 42% della dose giornaliera consigliata di queste due vitamine a bambini in età pre-scolare. E proprio la carenza di vitamina A è tra le principali cause di cecità e mortalità infantile in molti paesi in via di sviluppo. Per raggiungere gli stessi livelli di vitamina A occorrerebbe mangiare 30 kg di patate comuni.

«Siamo partiti da una varietà di patata dal basso contenuto di carotenoidi e l’abbiamo indotta a produrre una quantità beta-carotene molto più elevata, inserendo nel suo DNA i geni del batterio Erwinia non patogeno per l’uomo», spiega Giovanni Giuliano, coordinatore della ricerca per Enea.

«La scelta di usare geni batterici nel nostro esperimento», prosegue Giuliano «è stata dettata solo da una questione di semplicità: i batteri infatti hanno un genoma molto più piccolo di quello delle piante e riescono a fare le stesse cose con molti meno geni. Se avessimo usato i geni della carota per sintetizzare il beta-carotene, ce ne sarebbero voluti 6 anziché 3».

Mark Failla e il suo team di ricercatori dell’Ohio State University hanno contribuito all’esperimento con un innovativo sistema simulato di digestione che ha permesso di studiare la bio-accessibilità del beta-carotene, ossia la quantità di nutriente rilasciata dalle patate e disponibile per l’assorbimento.

«Per raggiungere questi risultati», conclude Giuliano «abbiamo utilizzato sulle patate un sistema di biofortificazione che impiega tecniche di ingegneria genetica, per ora l’unica opzione percorribile, a differenza del mais e della manioca dove il miglioramento genetico tradizionale funziona. È importante, quindi, mantenere un’apertura mentale, ricordando che le esigenze nutrizionali sono diverse nel mondo e che entro il 2050 ci troveremo a dover fornire cibo sicuro e nutriente a 9 miliardi di persone».
(Fonte: Enea.it)

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