Granchio blu, individuata una seconda specie nel Mar Adriatico

Dopo il Callinectes sapidus, granchio blu originario delle coste atlantiche americane che ha recentemente invaso le principali aree di produzione dei molluschi bivalvi dell’Adriatico con severi impatti ecologici ed economici nelle regioni del Veneto e dell’Emilia Romagna, un team di ricerca dell’Istituto per le risorse biologiche e le biotecnologie marine del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (Cnr-Irbim) di Ancona ha dimostrato la presenza nel Mar Adriatico di una seconda specie di granchio blu, il Portunus segnis, originario del Mar Rosso e dell’Oceano Indiano occidentale. Lo studio, pubblicato dalla rivista BioInvasion Records, fornisce la prima evidenza della presenza del granchio blu del Mar Rosso nel Mar Adriatico.

“Il granchio blu del Mar Rosso, morfologicamente ed ecologicamente simile al granchio blu Atlantico C. sapidus, ha già colonizzato, attraverso il Canale di Suez, i settori più orientali del Mediterraneo, con conseguenze inizialmente drammatiche per la pesca tunisina. Questa specie è oggi una delle risorse di pesca più importanti per la Tunisia, trasformata e commercializzata nei mercati esteri – afferma Ernesto Azzurro, dirigente di ricerca del Cnr-Irbim – Anche il granchio blu del Mar Rosso, come il granchio blu americano, trova il suo habitat ideale tra gli ambienti lagunari e il mare aperto e può sviluppare popolazioni con altissime abbondanze”.

La specie, oggi segnalata nella regione Marche (Ancona) grazie alla cattura di un singolo esemplare, era stata già osservata in Sicilia. “Questo importante risultato è stato possibile grazie alla preziosa collaborazione con i pescatori locali, che hanno catturato la specie e prontamente avvertito il nostro Istituto”, aggiunge Fabio Grati, primo ricercatore del Cnr-Irbim e primo autore dello studio.

“Questo arrivo è con tutta probabilità una nuova introduzione attribuibile al trasporto navale, verosimilmente alle acque di zavorra. Considerate le caratteristiche ecologiche del granchio blu del Mar Rosso e il suo range di tolleranza termica, pensiamo che il nord Adriatico non sia ancora un ecosistema ospitale per questa specie e questo dovrebbe al momento scongiurare il rischio di una doppia invasione di granchi blu in Adriatico – aggiunge Azzurro – Il cambiamento climatico sta tuttavia aumentando la vulnerabilità del nostro mare a questo tipo di colonizzazioni, quindi il fenomeno va monitorato attentamente, attraverso una strategia nazionale”.

Entrambe le specie di granchio blu possiedono altissime proprietà nutritive e gastronomiche: l’impiego di questi crostacei come nuove risorse di pesca è la strategia adottata da molti Paesi del Mediterraneo per gestire la problematica sul lungo termine. Per supportare questa strategia, i ricercatori del Cnr hanno predisposto un breve questionario rivolto a tutti i cittadini, anche a quelli che non hanno mai assaggiato il granchio, disponibile al link https://forms.gle/ndNQkgr4nptu4sP9A.

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