I segnali che predicono lo sviluppo della demenza

In persone affette da deficit cognitivo lieve (Mci-Mild Cognitive Impairment), il manifestarsi di difficoltà nell’esecuzione delle attività quotidiane più complesse consente di predire lo sviluppo di demenza con un anticipo di otto anni.

È quanto emerge da uno studio condotto nell’ambito del progetto Ilsa (Italian Longitudinal Study on Aging), da Antonio Di Carlo dell’Istituto di neuroscienze del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (In-Cnr) e Domenico Inzitari dell’Università di Firenze, su 2.400 ultrasessantacinquenni, rappresentativi della popolazione anziana in Italia.

La ricerca, coordinata da Emanuele Scafato dell’Istituto superiore di sanità, è stata pubblicata sul Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease.

«La vita quotidiana», spiega Di Carlo «presuppone lo svolgimento di attività elementari, quali lavarsi, vestirsi, alimentarsi, e di attività più complesse, definite strumentali, come usare il telefono, fare acquisti, preparare il cibo, effettuare le pulizie domestiche, utilizzare i mezzi di trasporto, maneggiare il denaro, assumere autonomamente eventuali terapie. La ricerca ha dimostrato che avere problemi nelle seconde, le più complesse, permette di predire lo sviluppo di demenza in chi è affetto da Mci, e questo indipendentemente dall’età, dal sesso e dalla presenza di altre malattie».

Lo studio ha inoltre individuato un legame tra il numero di attività strumentali che creano problemi e lo sviluppo della demenza.

«Incontrare difficoltà in una sola delle attività complesse raddoppia il rischio di demenza, mentre se le attività interessate sono più di quattro il rischio aumenta di nove volte nei successivi otto anni», chiarisce il ricercatore dell’In-Cnr.

Lo studio Ilsa, che ha affrontato per primo a livello nazionale le problematiche relative all’invecchiamento e alle condizioni di salute degli over 65 italiani, ha fornito stime sulla frequenza della demenza nel nostro Paese.

«In Italia le persone affette da questa patologia sono circa 700 mila e circa 150 mila i nuovi casi ogni anno; gli ultrasessantacinquenni affetti da deficit cognitivo lieve sono circa tre milioni: un anziano su quattro. Per loro il rischio di demenza è significativamente superiore rispetto agli anziani con funzioni cognitive normali», conclude Di Carlo.
(Fonte: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche)

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