Il Crea lancia l’allarme: Vespa velutina, il nuovo predatore delle nostre api

Mai così lontano dalla zona rossa di infestazione, il Ponente Ligure, dove è apparsa nel 2012. Si tratta della Vespa velutina, o calabrone asiatico, pericoloso insetto alieno predatore di api e altri impollinatori, che dopo la penetrazione in Liguria di ponente e Piemonte meridionale e centrale (in provincia di Cuneo e Torino) si sta spingendo sempre più verso il Veneto (in provincia di Rovigo), la Lombardia e l’Emilia.

Comparsa in Europa per la prima volta nel 2004 in Francia, la Vespa velutina è stata responsabile, secondo i dati forniti dalla Francia stessa, della perdita di alveari pari al 50% con un avanzamento potenziale di 100 km all’anno. Oltre a cacciare direttamente le api all’ingresso dell’arnia, il calabrone impedisce loro di uscire per raccogliere nettare e polline, indebolendo in questo modo anche le colonie che rischiano di morire.

La segnalazione è giunta sul sito della rete scientifica StopVelutina coordinata dal Crea (Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria) e comprendente Cnr, Università di Firenze, Università di Pisa e gli apicoltori di Apiliguria.

«Si tratta sicuramente del calabrone asiatico», ha confermato Laura Bortolotti, entomologa del Crea e coordinatrice di StopVelutina «e purtroppo ora è tardi per mettere in piedi una squadra che individui ed eradichi i nidi. In questa stagione, infatti, i nidi sono già spopolati e le regine di velutina, già fecondate dai maschi, stanno iniziando il periodo di svernamento in attesa di fondare una nuova colonia. A primavera la popolazione di calabroni potrebbe aumentare esponenzialmente».

I ricercatori del Crea, quindi, sono già al lavoro per avviare una procedura di sorveglianza per la prossima primavera. In accordo con la Regione Veneto e con quelle limitrofe, infatti, si coordineranno con gli apicoltori, le associazioni, i rappresentati di enti competenti per delineare insieme una strategia per tentare di eradicare o quantomeno contenere questo nuovo focolaio della Vespa velutina.

In quest’ottica è sempre più urgente il finanziamento di una rete di monitoraggio scientifica, composta da alveari sentinella, in grado di intercettare l’avanzata di questo e altri parassiti. La rete preesistente, grazie ai progetti Beenet e Velutina, non è stata più finanziata ed è oggi basata solo sul volontariato degli apicoltori.

«Occorre dunque», conclude Laura Bortolotti «proseguire e incrementare le reti regionali già avviate nelle regioni fin ora considerate indenni, come quelle di Toscana, Emilia Romagna e Lombardia, e ampliarle al Veneto e a tutto il Nord Italia».

Per maggiori informazioni: www.stopvelutina.it

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