Il futuro della diagnosi «tascabile» grazie al microscopio olografico messo a punto dal Cnr

Un sofisticato laboratorio di analisi a portata di tasca è stato messo a punto dai ricercatori dell’Istituto di scienze applicate e sistemi intelligenti del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (Isasi-Cnr) di Napoli con il primo microscopio olografico, che darà modo agli utenti di effettuare, per alcune patologie, esami diagnostici rapidi e a casa propria.

Lo studio è stato pubblicato su Light: Science and Applications, rivista del Nature Publishing Group.

«La svolta tecnologica è stata possibile grazie ai cosiddetti dispositivi Lab-on-a-chip (Laboratori su chip), spiega Vittorio Bianco, ricercatore Isasi-Cnr.

«Abbiamo dotato un chip microfluidico, cioè un semplice ed economico pezzetto di plastica nel quale sono scavati dei canaletti in cui scorre il fluido da analizzare (sangue, urine, saliva), di micro-elementi ottici che gli conferiscono le funzionalità di microscopio tridimensionale di tipo olografico tascabile.

«Il microscopio olografico si presenta come un semplice vetrino da microscopio di alcuni centimetri di lunghezza ma costituisce un vero e proprio strumento di misura, fornendo mappe 3D da cui si ricavano i dati quantitativi di elementi biologici, statici o in movimento all’interno di un liquido».

Basta inserire una goccia di sangue nel canale del chip funzionalizzato, un po’ come si fa per misurare la glicemia, e posizionarlo su un sensore di luce per analizzarne in dettaglio il contenuto e giungere alla diagnosi.

«La natura olografica del sistema di acquisizione consente di effettuare diagnosi mediche utilizzando immagini di materiale biologico basate su microscopia a contrasto di fase, facendo a meno della fluorescenza», aggiunge Biagio Mandracchia dell’Isasi-Cnr.

«Ciò consente di evitare ulteriori trattamenti del campione, riducendo costi e tempi di analisi. Le immagini tridimensionali fornite dal chip hanno di recente consentito il conteggio di globuli rossi ad alta velocità».

La configurazione tascabile della tecnologia, grazie all’utilizzo di componenti ottici miniaturizzati, e il basso costo di produzione, permette per la prima volta di superare i confini del laboratorio di analisi.

«In futuro il chip consentirà di portare le funzionalità diagnostiche direttamente dal paziente evitando, ad esempio, alle persone anziane di recarsi presso un centro diagnostico. Inoltre potrà essere usato in Paesi in via di sviluppo e laddove manchino adeguate strutture per lo studio e classificazione dei campioni», concludono i leader del progetto di ricerca, Melania Paturzo, ricercatrice Isasi-Cnr e Pietro Ferraro, direttore Isasi-Cnr.

«La tecnologia potrà essere applicata per la diagnosi di malattie come anemia, malaria, HIV e anche tumori, attraverso l’identificazione delle cellule tumorali circolanti nel sangue. Oltre che, in ambito non medico, per il monitoraggio della qualità delle acque».
(Fonte: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche)

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