Il pesce è uno degli alimenti più utilizzati d’estate. Attenzione, però, alla «sindrome sgombroide»

Cosa c’è di meglio di una bella cena a base di pesce? Complice il caldo e la stagione estiva viene spontaneo cercare occasioni per mangiare questo gustoso alimento. Ma proprio a causa delle alte temperature estive il pesce rischia di farci male.

Ecco alcune indicazioni fornite dall’Area Sanità pubblica veterinaria e sicurezza alimentare dell’Azienda Usl Toscana Centro, diretta da Stefano Cantini, per evitare che proprio una cena di pesce diventi un problema.

La colpa è della temperatura: quando il pesce fa male è perché non è stata rispettata la catena del freddo e quello che può capitare è una intossicazione da istamina o sindrome sgombroide.

«Con il termine sindrome sgombroide», spiega il dottore Cantini «si intende una patologia di origine alimentare causata dal consumo di prodotti ittici contaminati da batteri in assenza di alterazioni organolettiche. I batteri responsabili di per sé non sono patogeni ma sono in grado di trasformare un amminoacido (istidina), presente in abbondanza in alcune specie di pesci, (tonno, sgombro, alice i più comuni) in istamina che, se presente in grandi quantità, è la responsabile della patologia».

I sintomi si manifestano da pochi minuti a qualche ora dal consumo del pesce e interessano la cute (eritema al viso, sensazione di calore) il sistema gastroenterico (diarrea, vomito, dolori addominali) e sono frequenti anche mal di testa, palpitazioni e tremori.

La dose per la manifestazione clinica della sindrome sgombroide è influenzata da numerosi fattori quali sensibilità individuale, peso corporeo, composizione del pasto (elevate dosi di alcool possono potenziare l’effetto), farmaci, età e altre patologie/allergie.

Nessun allarme ma è necessario richiamare alcune regole suggerite dalla Asl toscana, rivolte principalmente agli operatori del settore alimentare (ristoratori, commercianti, eccetera) ma comunque valide anche nella conservazione e preparazione casalinga e comunque da applicare per qualsiasi tipo di alimento, non solo pesce, in questo periodo di caldo «torrido».

La conservabilità dei prodotti ittici è indicata dalla data di scadenza e vale fintanto che la confezione rimane integra: una volta aperta la confezione, l’alimento deve essere consumato nel più breve tempo possibile. Mantenere la catena del freddo e non fare «dentro e fuori dal frigorifero».

Il prodotto in scatola una volta aperto deve essere preferibilmente consumato in giornata. Se questo non è possibile, al momento dell’apertura trasferire il prodotto in contenitori chiusi più piccoli e conservarli in frigorifero a temperature inferiori a 4° C oppure acquistare confezioni più piccole adeguate al consumo della propria famiglia

Non mantenere a temperatura ambiente e aperte le scatolette di tonno ed utilizzare solo le quantità necessarie per le preparazioni del momento e poi riporre immediatamente il prodotto restante in frigorifero ben ricoperto da olio o prodotti di conserva

Lavare bene la verdura da consumare insieme al tonno per esempio in sandwich o insalate perché i batteri eventualmente presenti possono contaminare il pesce.

Preparare gli antipasti contenenti tonno nelle quantità che si pensa vengano consumate entro una/due ore e conservare eventuali piatti pronti a base di tonno in frigorifero.
(link:http://www.uslcentro.toscana.it/index.php/notizie/740-estate-il-pesce-e-uno-degli-alimenti-ideali-e-preferiti-ma-attenzione-alla-sindrome-sgombroide-le-raccomandazioni-dall-area-sanita-pubblica-veterinaria-e-sicurezza-alimentare)

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