Infarto, le ‘spie’ per uomini e donne: lo studio

Dalla ricerca un nuovo ‘aiuto’ per giocare d’anticipo sull’infarto evitando di sottovalutare segnali di allarme. Uno studio americano ha certificato che il 50% delle persone vittima di un arresto cardiaco ha manifestato un segnale di allarme 24 ore prima dell’evento. Non solo: i ricercatori dello Smidt Heart Institute di Cedars-Sinai, in California, hanno scoperto che nelle donne il sintomo premonitore era la mancanza di respiro, mentre negli uomini il dolore al petto. Lo studio, pubblicato su ‘Lancet Digital Health’, ha inoltre individuato sottogruppi più piccoli di pazienti, di entrambi i sessi, che hanno manifestato palpitazioni, attività simil-convulsivante e sintomi simil-influenzali.

L’arresto cardiaco improvviso, qualora avvenga lontano da un dall’ospedale, mette a rischio la vita del 90% delle persone colpite, evidenziando l’urgente necessità di prevedere meglio – e prevenire – l’evento. “Sfruttare i sintomi premonitori per eseguire un triage efficace per coloro che chiamano un’ambulanza o un servizio sanitario di emergenza potrebbe portare a un intervento precoce e alla prevenzione di morte imminente”, afferma Harpriya Chugh, direttore del Centro per la prevenzione dell’arresto cardiaco presso lo Smidt Heart Institute e autore senior dello studio. “I nostri risultati potrebbero portare a un nuovo paradigma per la prevenzione della morte cardiaca improvvisa”.

La ricerca ha analizzato una enorme mole di dati provenienti da due grandi studi: ‘Suds’ (Sudden unexpected death study) avviato 22 anni fa e ‘Presto’ (Prediction of sudden death in multi-ethnic communities) avviato da 8 anni. “Lo studio – spiegano i ricercatori – ha messo a confronto i sintomi individuali e l’insieme di sintomi prima dell’arresto cardiaco improvviso, confrontandoli con i pazienti di controllo che avevano anch’essi richiesto cure mediche di emergenza. I risultati hanno fornito informazioni di importanza inestimabile”, che “aprono la strada a ulteriori studi prospettici in cui verranno combinati tutti i sintomi con altre caratteristiche. Successivamente integreremo questi principali sintomi d’allarme specifici per sesso con funzionalità aggiuntive – come profili clinici e misure biometriche – per migliorare ulteriormente la previsione di un imminente infarto”, concludono.

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