Meteo e proverbi calabresi: ‘U quattru aprilanti (4 aprile) e la pioggia

Si chiovi lli quattru aprilanti, chiovi jiuarni quaranta, cioè se piove il 4 aprile pioverà per i quaranta giorni successivi. Così recita un antico proverbio calabrese, diffuso e conosciuto con qualche variante anche nel resto della penisola.

Al mese di aprile, dal clima instabile e variabile, appartengono molti altri detti popolari:
‘U friddu d’aprili,’nta l’aria si vidi (Il freddo d’aprile si sente nell’aria).
Ad aprili ogni coccio nu varile (Ad aprile ogni goccia di pioggia riempe un barile).
Marzu faci i jiuri e aprili ‘ndavi a ‘nuri (Marzo dà inizio alla fioritura, aprile se ne prende il merito).
Stìpati ligna ppe aprile e pane ppe maggiu (Mettete da parte legna per aprile e pane per maggio).
Ad aprile non ti scopriri, a maggiu cumu ti pari, a giugnu iettali ‘nto focu (Ad aprile non ti scoprire, a maggio come ti pare, a giugno butta i vestiti nel fuoco).
Marzu stingi, aprili dipingi (Marzo scolorisce, aprile dipinge).
Ad aprili cumu soli jiri, a maggiu comu ti pari, a giugnu ietta ‘i furmi (Ad aprile vestiti come di solito, a maggio come ti pare, a giugno butta via i vestiti).

Il termine proverbio proviene dal latino proverbium, da verbum, cioè parola, che contiene quasi sempre un vero e proprio insegnamento tratto dall’esperienza e frutto della saggezza popolare.

Ai tempi in cui la sopravvivenza umana dipendeva completamente dai capricci atmosferici, la meteorologia era molto importante e proveniva semplicemente dall’osservazione dei fenomeni per lunghi periodi e poi si traeva un calcolo delle probabilità che questo si ripetesse, senza strumenti scientifici.

E’ per questo che molti proverbi hanno una diffusione universale e si presentano spesso in modi piuttosto simili tra popoli diversi, costruiti sottoforma di metafora o in rima in modo da rafforzarne la memoria.
Annamaria Persico (articolo già pubblicato su Reportage il 4 aprile 2017)

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