Nobel Medicina 2024 a Victor Ambros e Gary Ruvkun per scoperta ‘interruttori dei geni’

Il premio Nobel per la Medicina o la Fisiologia 2024 è stato assegnato agli americani Victor Ambros e Gary Ruvkun “per la scoperta del microRna e del suo ruolo nella regolazione genica post-trascrizionale”. I microRna sono piccole molecole che – come è stato spiegato all’annuncio degli scienziati vincitori di quest’anno – hanno aperto un nuovo campo nella regolazione dei geni. A comunicare il Nobel per la Medicina 2024 è stato il segretario generale dell’Assemblea dei Nobel, Thomas Perlman.

Chi sono Victor Ambros e Gary Ruvkun

Victor Ambros è nato nel 1953 ad Hanover, nel New Hampshire. Ha conseguito il dottorato di ricerca al Mit (Massachusetts Institute of Technology) nel 1979, dove ha svolto anche ricerche post-dottorato dal 1979 al 1985, quando è diventato ricercatore principale all’università di Harvard. E’ stato professore alla Dartmouth Medical School dal 1992 al 2007 e ora è docente di scienze naturali alla University of Massachusetts Medical School.

Gary Ruvkun è nato a Berkeley, in California, nel 1952. Ha conseguito il dottorato di ricerca ad Harvard nel 1982. Dal 1982 al 1985 è stato borsista post-dottorato al Mit. E’ diventato ricercatore principale al Massachusetts General Hospital e all’Harvard Medical School nel 1985, dove ora è professore di genetica.

La scoperta del microRna

La scoperta di Ambros e Ruvkun, ha spiegato il genetista dell’Università Tor Vergata di Roma Giuseppe Novelli all’Adnkronos Salute, “ha aperto la strada alla conoscenza di questi piccoli elementi dell’Rna che servono ad accendere e spegnere alcuni geni, questi interruttori che hanno un ruolo determinate in molte patologie dell’uomo come il diabete, l’ictus, il cancro. Ma hanno un ruolo anche nelle infiammazioni”. “Sulle ricerche di questi due scienziati – ha continuato Novelli – lavoriamo anche in Italia, ad esempio nel mio laboratorio, perché è dalle loro scoperte che è partito tutto un filone per sviluppare alcuni farmaci che possono spegnere e accendere questi interruttori. Dalla suscettibilità di questo microRna dipende la risposta dell’organismo ad alcune terapie. Il loro è stato un lavoro di base che ha aperto un filone di ricerca importantissimo. E’ un Nobel per la Medicina molto meritato”.

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