Piccoli comuni, tra modernità e disagio insediativo. Se n’è parlato in un convegno di Legambiente e Anci

Un’Italia piccola ma dall’anima profonda che va dalle Alpi agli Appennini per arrivare alle isole minori: è l’Italia dei 5.627 piccoli comuni al di sotto di 5.000 abitanti, pari al 69,9% del totale dei comuni del Belpaese (8.047). Di questi, sono 2.430 quelli che soffrono un forte disagio demografico ed economico, piccoli borghi che occupano il 29,7% della superficie territoriale nazionale, oltre 89 mila kmq, una densità abitativa che non raggiunge i 36 abitanti per kmq quasi 13 volte meno rispetto ai comuni sopra i 5 mila abitanti.

In particolare negli ultimi 25 anni (dal 1991 al 2015) in questi territori si è registrato un calo della popolazione attiva (675 mila abitanti in meno, cioè il -6,3% nei comuni sotto i 5000 abitanti), 1 su sette se ne è andato, un aumento di quella anziana (gli ultra 65 enni a fronte dei giovani fino ai 14 anni sono aumentati dell’83%), con oltre 2 anziani per 1 giovane. Le case vuote sono 1.991.557 contro le 4.345.843 occupate: una ogni tre è vuota.

Ai dati negativi relativi al disagio demografico, si aggiungono quelli legati alla capacità ricettiva: negli ultimi 25 anni l’ospitalità turistica è cresciuta di appena 21%, passando da 1,12 milioni di posti letto a 1,36. In particolare i piccoli comuni si dimostrano circa 4 volte turisticamente meno produttivi, considerando offerta di posti letto e tasso di utilizzazione.

Nonostante il quadro complessivo poco rassicurante, i piccoli comuni rimangono luoghi di grandi opportunità e innovazioni che hanno bisogno però di interventi mirati e strategie a lungo termine. Soprattutto bisogna puntare sulle opportunità residenziali, turistiche e agricole, che se valorizzate, potrebbero dare nuovo futuro a questi territori.

È quanto emerge dallo studio «Piccolo (e fuori dal) comune. I piccoli comuni» realizzato da Sandro Polci (responsabile dello studio, partner Cresme Consulting) con Roberto Gambassi, presentato il 1° giugno scorso a Roma in occasione del convegno «La modernità dei piccoli comuni», organizzato da Legambiente e dall’Anci per fare il punto sulle realtà minori, lanciare proposte per il loro popolamento e una efficace rivitalizzazione, illustrare le buone pratiche messe in atto da molti di questi centri come quello di Montepigliano e di Acquaformosa.

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