Prevenzione e controllo dell’influenza: vaccinazione e semplici norme igieniche per ridurre la trasmissione del virus

L’influenza si colloca tra le prime 10 principali cause di morte in Italia (Fonte: FluNews Italia). I dati forniti dal sistema di rilevazione, attivo dal 1999, hanno permesso di stimare che interessa ogni anno tra il 4 ed il 12% della popolazione italiana (dalla stagione 2000/2001 alla 2016/2017) a seconda delle caratteristiche dei virus influenzali circolanti. L’influenza rappresenta un serio problema di sanità pubblica e una rilevante fonte di costi diretti e indiretti per la gestione dei casi e delle complicanze della malattia e l’attuazione delle misure di controllo.

La circolare 30 maggio 2018 “Prevenzione e controllo dell’influenza: raccomandazioni per la stagione 2018-2019″ conferma che la misura più efficace, riconosciuta dalla comunità scientifica internazionale, per prevenire l’influenza, sia per il singolo che per la collettività, è la vaccinazione. In particolare la circolare ribadisce l’opportunità di garantire la vaccinazione gratuita oltre alle tradizionali categorie a rischio (anziani e malati) anche ai soggetti impegnati nei servizi essenziali e agli addetti ad attività che espongono a rischio contagio (medici e operatori sanitari, forze dell’ordine, insegnanti, personale a contatto con gli animali).
Per la stagione 2018-2019 l’offerta gratuita della vaccinazione è estesa anche alla categoria dei donatori di sangue.

Oltre alle misure basate sui presidi farmaceutici, vaccinazioni e antivirali sono raccomandate le misure di protezione personali non farmacologiche utili per ridurre la trasmissione del virus dell’influenza:
-igiene respiratoria (contenimento della diffusione derivante dagli starnuti e dai colpi di tosse con la protezione della mano o di un fazzoletto)
-lavaggio frequente delle mani, un gesto, semplice ed economico, che costituisce l’intervento preventivo di prima scelta ed è una pratica riconosciuta dall’Organizzazione Mondiale della Sanità (OMS) tra le più efficaci per il controllo della diffusione delle infezioni anche negli ospedali.

L’obiettivo delle iniziative di comunicazione è quindi quello di favorire l’adesione alla vaccinazione delle categorie considerate a rischio (anziani, persone malate ecc.) e quello di favorire l’adozione spontanea di misure di igiene e protezione individuale (non farmacologiche) utili per ridurre la trasmissione del virus dell’influenza.

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