Sperduti. Storie di minorenni arrivati soli in Italia. Lanciato oggi il rapporto Unicef /Irpps-Cnr

Nel 2016 i bambini sbarcati sulle coste italiane hanno raggiunto un numero record: 28.223 su un totale di 181.436 persone sbarcate, dato che supera quello registrato nel 2014, anno dell’operazione umanitaria Mare Nostrum.

È quanto emerge dal rapporto Sperduti. Storie di minorenni arrivati soli in Italia, lanciato oggi dall’Unicef e dall’Istituto di ricerche sulla popolazione e le politiche sociali del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (Irpps-Cnr) nell’ambito del convegno «Per ogni bambino sperduto», organizzato in collaborazione con la Commissione parlamentare per l’infanzia e l’adolescenza.

Il rapporto punta a rilevare il vissuto dei minorenni in relazione alla loro esperienza migratoria e ricostruire il loro percorso verso l’Italia.

Secondo il rapporto:
• Oggi, in tutto il mondo, 1 minorenne su 70 vive al di fuori del Paese di nascita.
• Circa un quarto di tutti i migranti del mondo è nato in Asia e vive in un Paese diverso all’interno del continente.
• Insieme, Africa e Asia ospitano 3 bambini migranti su 5.
• La metà dei bambini migranti di tutto il mondo vive in soli 15 Paesi, in testa alla classifica gli Stati Uniti d’America, che ospitano 3,7 milioni di bambini. L’Italia è al 20esimo posto con 400 mila minorenni.
• In Italia, nel 2015, sono stati identificati 12.360 minorenni non accompagnati, il 75% di tutti i minorenni sbarcati, mentre nel 2016 si sono avute 25.846 identificazioni, pari al 92% dei minorenni sbarcati.
• Nel periodo compreso tra il 2013 e il 2015, le nazionalità che risultano incidere maggiormente sul totale degli arrivi di minorenni in Italia sono quella siriana, eritrea, egiziana e somala.
• Al mese di ottobre del 2016 i minorenni stranieri non accompagnati che hanno presentato una domanda d’asilo in Italia sono stati 4.168, ovvero il 48,3% dei minorenni (accompagnati e non) e il 4,2% rispetto al totale (adulti + minorenni) dei richiedenti asilo. Secondo i dati Eurostat, con 4.070 richieste di protezione presentate dai minorenni, nel 2015 l’Italia si posizionava al sesto posto in Europa. Nel corso dello stesso anno, i principali Paesi di cittadinanza sono stati Gambia, Nigeria e Mali.
• Nel corso degli ultimi anni, il numero dei minorenni irreperibili in Italia ha subìto un’evidente crescita: sono passati infatti dai 1.754 del 2012 ai 6.508 di fine novembre 2016. In termini percentuali, hanno raggiunto la massima incidenza nel corso del 2015 arrivando al 34% del totale dei minorenni non accompagnati (presenti nelle strutture + irreperibili), valore che a fine novembre 2016 è sceso al 27,4%.

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