Tumori, dieta mediterranea ‘alleata’ anche dopo la diagnosi: cala del 32% il rischio di mortalità

La dieta mediterranea è un potente alleato per la salute anche dopo una diagnosi di cancro. I pazienti che mangiano secondo i dettami della nostra tradizione alimentare, vivono più a lungo e hanno un rischio ridotto di mortalità cardiovascolare, -60%. In generale la mortalità si abbassa del 32%. Lo rivela uno studio italiano realizzato all’interno del Progetto Umberto, condotto dalla Piattaforma comune di ricerca Fondazione Umberto Veronesi – Dipartimento di epidemiologia e prevenzione dell’Irccs Neuromed di Pozzilli, in collaborazione con l’Università Lum ‘Giuseppe Degennaro’ di Casamassima nel barese.

La ricerca su 800 italiani

La ricerca, pubblicata su Jacc CardioOncology, ha esaminato i dati di 800 adulti italiani, sia uomini che donne, a cui era già stato diagnosticato un cancro al momento dell’arruolamento nello studio Moli-sani, tra il 2005 e il 2010. I partecipanti sono stati seguiti per oltre 13 anni, e per tutti erano disponibili informazioni dettagliate sul consumo alimentare durante l’anno precedente l’iscrizione. “Il ruolo benefico della dieta mediterranea nella prevenzione primaria di alcuni tumori è ben noto in letteratura – afferma Marialaura Bonaccio, prima autrice dello studio e Co-Principal Investigator della Joint Research Platform all’Irccs Neuromed -. Si sa però poco sui potenziali benefici che questo modello alimentare può avere per chi ha già ricevuto una diagnosi di cancro“.

Il risultato dello studio

I ricercatori hanno dunque analizzato il ruolo della dieta mediterranea in relazione alla mortalità nelle persone che avevano già una storia di cancro al momento dell’arruolamento nello studio Moli-sani, una delle più grandi coorti di popolazione in Europa. Con l’obiettivo di verificare in che misura una dieta sana può prolungare la sopravvivenza. “I risultati del nostro studio – spiega Bonaccio – indicano che le persone che avevano un tumore e riferivano un’elevata aderenza a uno stile alimentare mediterraneo avevano un rischio di mortalità inferiore del 32% rispetto ai partecipanti che non seguivano la dieta mediterranea. Il beneficio è stato particolarmente evidente per la mortalità cardiovascolare, che si è ridotta del 60%”.

Che cosa si intende per dieta mediterranea

“La dieta mediterranea – ricorda Chiara Tonelli, presidente del Comitato scientifico della Fondazione Umberto Veronesi – è composta prevalentemente da alimenti come frutta, verdura e olio d’oliva, che sono fonti naturali di composti antiossidanti, il che potrebbe spiegare il vantaggio osservato in termini di mortalità non solo per il cancro, ma anche per le malattie cardiovascolari, che possono essere ridotte da diete particolarmente ricche di questi composti bioattivi”.

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