Un sistema di fratture profonde, in grado di causare terremoti, allontana la Sicilia dal resto dell’Italia

Un sistema di spaccature profonde sta separando la Sicilia dal resto dell’Italia nella regione compresa tra lo stretto di Messina e l’Etna.

Lungo queste strutture geologiche risale materiale del mantello che formava il basamento dell’oceano mesozoico, chiamato Tetide, da una profondità di circa 15-20 chilometri.

Si tratta di una vera e propria finestra sotto il fondale del Mar Ionio, che consente di osservare da vicino blocchi dell’antico oceano, svelando i processi che hanno portato alla sua formazione.

Lo studio Lower plate serpentinite diapirism in the Calabrian Arc subduction complex, condotto da un team di ricercatori dell’Istituto di scienze marine del Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche (Ismar-Cnr) di Bologna, dell’Università di Parma, dell’Istituto nazionale di geofisica e vulcanologia (Ingv) e del Geomar (Kiel, Germania), è stato pubblicato su Nature Communications.

«Le faglie lungo le quali risale il mantello della Tetide», spiega Alina Polonia, ricercatrice Ismar-Cnr e coordinatrice della ricerca «controllano anche la formazione del Monte Etna, dimostrando che si tratta di strutture in grado di innescare processi vulcanici e causare terremoti. Queste faglie, infatti, sono profonde e lunghe decine di chilometri, e separano blocchi di crosta terrestre in movimento reciproco».

Attraverso uno studio multi-disciplinare, che integra immagini acustiche del sottosuolo, dati geofisici e campioni di sedimento, acquisiti nel corso di spedizioni scientifiche con la nave oceanografica del Cnr Urania, è stato possibile identificare le faglie, ricostruire la loro geometria e scoprire anomalie geochimiche nei sedimenti legate alla presenza di fluidi profondi.

L’analisi di tutti i dati raccolti ha permesso di proporre un modello geologico che conferma l’origine profonda del materiale in risalita lungo le faglie.

«Grazie a questa scoperta», prosegue Alina Polonia «l’Arco calabro, il sistema di subduzione tra Africa ed Europa nel Mar Ionio, ha un importante primato: è l’unica regione al mondo in cui sia stato descritto materiale del mantello in risalita dalla placca in subduzione. Questa scoperta avrà importanti implicazioni per capire meglio come si formano le catene montuose e come questi processi siano legati ai forti terremoti storici registrati in Sicilia e Calabria».
(Fonte: Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche)

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